Diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose (sugar) in the blood. It occurs when the body either cannot produce enough insulin (a hormone that regulates blood sugar), or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. The main types are Type 1, Type 2, and gestational diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. It typically appears in childhood or adolescence. Type 2 diabetes, the most common form, usually develops in adults and is associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle; it arises from insulin resistance and a gradual decline in insulin production. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life.

Common symptoms of diabetes include frequent urination, excessive thirst, extreme hunger, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. Long-term complications can affect various organs and systems, leading to heart disease, kidney failure, neuropathy, and retinopathy.

Management involves monitoring blood sugar levels, following a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and medications. Type 1 diabetes requires lifelong insulin therapy, while Type 2 diabetes may be managed with lifestyle changes, oral medications, and sometimes insulin. Prevention focuses on maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular exercise, and eating a balanced diet. Early diagnosis and effective management are crucial to prevent complications and improve quality of life.